Types of RNA

 https://fob-masterniyas.blogspot.com/2024/08/different-types-of-rna.html

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Structure and Properties of DNA and its Tm.

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Structure of DNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a double-stranded molecule composed of two complementary strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). The structure of DNA is often described as a double helix, where: Strands : The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions (antiparallel) and are held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases. A-T Base Pair : Adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds. G-C Base Pair : Guanine pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. Helical Structure : The DNA double helix has a right-handed twist, with approximately 10.5 base pairs per turn. Major and Minor Grooves : The double helix creates major and minor grooves, which are important for protein-DNA interactions. Properties of DNA Melting Temperature (Tm) The melting temperature (Tm) is a measure of the thermal stability of th...
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Structure of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides

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 Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are essential building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. Here’s an overview of their structure: Purine Nucleotides Purines are larger, double-ringed structures composed of a fused six-membered and five-membered ring. The most common purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G). Adenine (A) Structure : Adenine consists of a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. It has the molecular formula C₅H₅N₅. The ring structure has alternating double bonds and contains nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 3, 7, and 9. Guanine (G) Structure : Guanine also consists of a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring, with the molecular formula C₅H₅N₅O. It has nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 3, 7, and 9, with an additional carbonyl group (=O) at position 6 on the six-membered ring. Pyrimidine Nucleotides Pyrimidines are smaller, single-ring structures. The most common pyrimidines are cytosine (C), thymine (T) in DNA, and uracil (U) in RNA. Cytosine (C...
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